Norfolk Southern Corporation NSC

Industrials · Railroads · valued as of 2026-11-03 · statements 2025-12-31

Average Intrinsic Value
$22.77B
Market Cap
$69.76B
Margin of Safety
-206.3%
Intrinsic / Market Ratio
0.33

How Each Value Is Built

The screener's three formulas on the reported figures. Each card reads the same way: the value as a sum of numbered terms, each term's calculation opened under it, from the reported figures to the value. The list ranks companies by their plain average over the market cap.

EPV + Growth

19.71B USD

what the normal year's earnings are worth for ever, plus growth that pays

Profit

29.73B USD

15 years of cash the shareholders can take out, and the equity left at year 15

FCFF

18.88B USD

15 years of cash for shareholders and lenders, less what is owed

Intrinsic Value

22.77B USD

the plain average of the three, uncapped, as the screener averages them

Intrinsic Value

22.77B USD

from the sum above

Market Cap

69.76B USD

today's price times the shares

Intrinsic Value ÷ Market Cap

0.33×

the ratio the screener ranks by; Margin of Safety -206.3% (1 − Market Cap ÷ Intrinsic Value)

Each card below builds one of the three values from the reported years.

Earnings power value plus growth: 19.71B USD
What the normal year's operating profit after tax is worth if it lasts for ever, plus what the new investment adds beyond its cost, less the net debt that comes before the shareholders (or plus the net cash).
①EPV (earnings power value)35.27B USD
−②Net Debt Today15.56B USD
+③Growth Value0 USD
=Value19.71B USD

EPV of the Operations (NOPAT over WACC)

35.27B USD

Net debt today

-15.56B USD

Growth Value

0 USD

Value

19.71B USD

①EPV (earnings power value)

35.27B USD

②Net Debt Today

15.56B USD

③Growth Value

0 USD

Market value

Market Cap69.76B USD

Today's price times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety-254.0%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

Profit value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash it can pay them (FCFE): 29.73B USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to equity (FCFE), each brought to today at the cost of equity, plus the equity at year 15 brought to today.
①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFE22.77B USD
+②Equity at Year 15, Today6.96B USD
=Value29.73B USD
FCFE: the net income left for the shareholders once the business keeps what next year's growth needsEquity reinvestment: the part of the year's net income kept in the business to grow the next year; below zero, capital the business releases to the shareholdersPresent value of the FCFEColoured bars show the FCFE, grey bars the equity reinvestment. With a positive equity reinvestment the two stacked are the year's normalized income; with a negative one the grey is below zero, capital the business releases, and the normalized income is the FCFE plus that negative amount. Shaded, years 6 to 10: the growth falling to its long-run rate and the ROE on new investment falling to the cost of equity. Axes linear.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFE

22.77B USD

②Equity at Year 15, Today

6.96B USD

Market value

Market Cap69.76B USD

Today's price times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety-134.6%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

FCFF value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash the firm can pay its shareholders and lenders (FCFF): 18.88B USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to the firm (FCFF), each brought to today at the WACC, plus the invested capital at year 15 brought to today, less the net debt today (or plus the net cash).
①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFF24.89B USD
+②Invested Capital at Year 15, Today9.55B USD
−③Net Debt Today15.56B USD
=Value18.88B USD
FCFF: the NOPAT left for the shareholders and the lenders once the business reinvests what next year's growth needsReinvestment: the part of the year's NOPAT put back into the business to grow the next year; below zero, capital the business releasesPresent value of the FCFFColoured bars show the FCFF, grey bars the reinvestment. With a positive reinvestment the two stacked are the year's NOPAT; with a negative one the grey is below zero, capital the business releases, and the NOPAT is the FCFF plus that negative amount. Shaded, years 6 to 10: the growth rising to its long-run rate and the ROIC on new investment falling to the WACC. Axes linear.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFF

24.89B USD

②Invested Capital at Year 15, Today

9.55B USD

③Net Debt Today

15.56B USD

Market value

Market Cap69.76B USD

Today's price times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety-269.5%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

The Rates and the Capital the Values Read

The WACC and the cost of equity each value is discounted at, the book value and the net debt each starts from, and the seven quality metrics, from the same run.

WACC: 10.50%
weighted average cost of capital: the yearly return the shareholders and the lenders together require, weighted by what each puts in; the rate that brings the firm's future cash to today.
Cost of Equity =Risk-Free Rate 4.50%+Beta 1.27×Market Risk Premium 6.00%= 12.11%

The yearly return the shareholders require for the risk they carry; it is the rate that brings their future cash to today.

Tax Rate for WACC =Tax Provision 792.79M USDPretax Income 3.67B USD= 21.61%

The tax the interest saves.

Interest Expense =EBIT 4.46B USD−Pretax Income 3.67B USD= 792.79M USD

The interest the company paid: EBIT is the profit before tax plus the interest.

Cost of Debt =Interest Expense 792.79M USDTotal Debt 16.63B USD×(1 − Tax Rate for WACC 21.61%)= 3.74%

What the lenders are paid a year after the tax the interest saves.

Debt Weight =Total Debt 16.63B USDMarket Cap + Total Debt 69.76B USD + 16.63B USD= 19.25%

The part of the capital the lenders put in, at market value.

WACC =Equity Weight 80.75%×Cost of Equity 12.11%+Debt Weight 19.25%×Cost of Debt 3.74%= 10.50%

Weighted average cost of capital: the yearly return the shareholders and the lenders together require, weighted by what each puts in; the rate that brings the firm's future cash to today.

Book value and net debt today
Both from the balance sheet of the newest quarter, 2026-06-30.

Total Assets 45.17B USD − Total Liabilities 28.90B USD = Book Value Today 16.27B USD

Total Debt 16.63B USD − Cash and Short-Term Investments 1.07B USD = Net Debt Today 15.56B USD

The book value is what Profit starts from and what stands when a projection is not made; the book value plus the net debt is what FCFF starts from; the net debt comes off Greenwald's and FCFF's values before the shareholders.

Quality metrics
Read beside the value, never a condition for it: every company is valued, and a filter in the list is the reader's choice.
MetricFrom
Share dilutionShares Today ÷ Shares Two Years Back − 1-0.5%at most 5%passes224,608,373 / 225,681,254
Accrual quality(Operating Cash Flow − Net Income) ÷ Total Assets3.3%at least -10.0%passes(4.37B USD − 2.88B USD) ÷ 45.17B USD
Price to bookMarket Cap ÷ Book Value Today4.29×at most 3×does not pass69.76B USD ÷ 16.27B USD
Operating marginOperating Income ÷ Revenue37.5%above 10.0%passes4.58B USD ÷ 12.19B USD
Revenue growthRevenue ÷ Revenue a Year Before − 10.5%above 10.0%does not pass12.19B USD / 12.14B USD
Net cash(Cash − Total Debt) ÷ Market Cap-22.3%above -30%passes(1.07B USD − 16.63B USD) ÷ 69.76B USD
Operating efficiencyOperating Income ÷ Gross Profit103.3%above 25.0%passes4.58B USD ÷ 4.43B USD

Market Data

The provider's ratios and the analysts' consensus beside the argument; none of them enters a value.

Market data
The data provider's own ratios and the analysts' consensus, read beside the valuation, never in it.

Share price

311 USD

Enterprise value

85.85B USD

market cap plus net debt

EV / EBITDA

15.14×

Price / book

4.29×

the provider's book

Price / earnings

26.50×

Return on equity

17.0%

the provider's, not the engine's

Profit margin

21.0%

Revenue growth

11.4%

Analyst target, mean

364 USD

Analysts

18

opinions in the consensus

Financial Statements

The income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow the screener holds, year by year, in USD.

Financial statements, year by year
The annual lines the screener holds today, in USD at each period's rate; the figures this valuation read are in its calculation above.
USD2022202320242025
Income statement

Revenue

12.76B12.17B12.14B12.19B

Gross profit

5.24B4.44B4.55B4.43B

Operating income

5.21B4.33B4.88B4.58B

EBITDA

operating income before depreciation and amortisation

6.05B4.34B5.49B5.86B

Pretax income

4.13B2.32B3.33B3.67B

Net income

3.27B1.83B2.62B2.88B

Normalized income

net income without one-off items, as the data provider prints it; Profit's line when printed

3.55B2.85B3.20B2.96B

R&D

————
Balance sheet, year end

Total assets

38.92B41.69B43.73B45.28B

Total liabilities

26.18B28.90B29.41B29.72B

Shareholders' equity

the equity the parent's shareholders own, as printed, without minority interest; the book value the values read is total assets less total liabilities, in Book Value and Net Debt above

12.75B12.79B14.32B15.56B

Total debt

15.61B17.59B17.50B17.32B

Cash and equivalents

456.46M1.57B1.64B1.53B

Net PP&E

fixed assets after depreciation

32.19B33.36B35.87B36.52B

Working capital

current assets less current liabilities

-642.64M639.64M-357.36M-577.58M
Cash flow

Operating cash flow

4.23B3.18B4.06B4.37B

Capital expenditure

paid out, so below zero

-1.95B-2.33B-2.38B-2.21B

Depreciation and amortisation

1.22B1.30B1.35B1.39B

Free cash flow

operating cash flow plus capital expenditure

2.28B852.85M1.67B2.16B