WAVE.PA
Wavestone SA

Technology · Information Technology Services · valued as of 2026-11-03 · statements 2026-03-31

Average Intrinsic Value

1.07B USD

Market Cap

873.73M USD

Margin of Safety

18.1%

Intrinsic / Market Ratio

1.22×

Projections, not exact values. Intrinsic Values are projected from each company's past reports. They show which stocks look cheap compared with the others, not exactly what a stock is worth.

How Each Value Is Built

The screener's three formulas on the reported figures. Each card reads the same way: the value as a sum of numbered terms, each term's calculation opened under it, from the reported figures to the value. The list ranks companies by their plain average over the market cap.

EPV + Growth

1.13B USD

what the normal year's earnings are worth for ever, plus growth that pays

Profit

1.13B USD

15 years of cash the shareholders can take out, and the equity left at year 15

FCFF

941.13M USD

15 years of cash for shareholders and lenders, less what is owed

Intrinsic Value

1.07B USD

the plain average of the three, uncapped, as the screener averages them

Intrinsic Value

1.07B USD

from the sum above

Market Cap

873.73M USD

the price on the date above times the shares

Intrinsic Value ÷ Market Cap

1.22×

the ratio the screener ranks by; Margin of Safety +18.1% (1 − Market Cap ÷ Intrinsic Value)

Each card below builds one of the three values from the reported years.

Earnings power value plus growth: 1.13B USD
What the normal year's operating profit after tax is worth if it lasts for ever, plus what the new investment adds beyond its cost, less the net debt that comes before the shareholders (or plus the net cash).
①EPV (earnings power value)1.01B USD
+②Net Cash Today116.06M USD
+③Growth Value0 USD
=Value1.13B USD

EPV of the Operations (NOPAT over WACC)

1.01B USD

Net cash today

+116.06M USD

Growth Value

0 USD

Value

1.13B USD

①EPV (earnings power value)

1.01B USD

②Net Cash Today

116.06M USD

③Growth Value

0 USD

Market value

Market Cap873.73M USD

The price on the date above times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety+22.5%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

Profit value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash it can pay them (FCFE): 1.13B USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to equity (FCFE), each brought to today at the cost of equity, plus the equity at year 15 brought to today.
①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFE678.94M USD
+②Equity at Year 15, Today454.45M USD
=Value1.13B USD
FCFE: the net income left for the shareholders once the business keeps what next year's growth needsEquity reinvestment: the part of the year's net income kept in the business to grow the next year; below zero, capital the business releases to the shareholdersPresent value of the FCFEColoured bars show the FCFE, grey bars the equity reinvestment. With a positive equity reinvestment the two stacked are the year's normalized income; with a negative one the grey is below zero, capital the business releases, and the normalized income is the FCFE plus that negative amount. Shaded, years 6 to 10: the growth falling to its long-run rate and the ROE on new investment falling to the cost of equity. Axes linear.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFE

678.94M USD

②Equity at Year 15, Today

454.45M USD

Market value

Market Cap873.73M USD

The price on the date above times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety+22.9%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

FCFF value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash the firm can pay its shareholders and lenders (FCFF): 941.13M USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to the firm (FCFF), each brought to today at the WACC, plus the invested capital at year 15 brought to today, less the net debt today (or plus the net cash).
①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFF664.26M USD
+②Invested Capital at Year 15, Today160.81M USD
+③Net Cash Today116.06M USD
=Value941.13M USD
FCFF: the NOPAT left for the shareholders and the lenders once the business reinvests what next year's growth needsReinvestment: the part of the year's NOPAT put back into the business to grow the next year; below zero, capital the business releasesPresent value of the FCFFColoured bars show the FCFF, grey bars the reinvestment. With a positive reinvestment the two stacked are the year's NOPAT; with a negative one the grey is below zero, capital the business releases, and the NOPAT is the FCFF plus that negative amount. Shaded, years 6 to 10: the growth rising to its long-run rate and the ROIC on new investment falling to the WACC. Axes linear.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFF

664.26M USD

②Invested Capital at Year 15, Today

160.81M USD

③Net Cash Today

116.06M USD

Market value

Market Cap873.73M USD

The price on the date above times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety+7.2%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

The Rates and the Capital the Values Read

The WACC and the cost of equity each value is discounted at, the book value and the net debt each starts from, and the seven quality metrics, from the same run.

WACC: 10.18%
Cost of Equity =Risk-Free Rate 4.50%+Beta 0.94×Market Risk Premium 6.00%= 10.14%

The yearly return the shareholders require for the risk they carry; it is the rate that brings their future cash to today.

Tax Rate for WACC =Tax Provision 31.26M USDPretax Income 125.44M USD= 24.92%

The tax the interest saves.

Interest Expense =EBIT 129.09M USD−Pretax Income 125.44M USD= 3.65M USD

The interest the company paid: EBIT is the profit before tax plus the interest.

Cost of Debt =Interest Expense 3.65M USDTotal Debt 23.25M USD×(1 − Tax Rate for WACC 24.92%)= 11.80%

What the lenders are paid a year after the tax the interest saves.

Debt Weight =Total Debt 23.25M USDMarket Cap + Total Debt 873.73M USD + 23.25M USD= 2.59%

The part of the capital the lenders put in, at market value.

WACC =Equity Weight 97.41%×Cost of Equity 10.14%+Debt Weight 2.59%×Cost of Debt 11.80%= 10.18%

Weighted average cost of capital: the yearly return the shareholders and the lenders together require, weighted by what each puts in; the rate that brings the firm's future cash to today.

Book value and net debt today
Both from the balance sheet of the newest quarter, 2026-03-31.

Total Assets 1.14B USD − Total Liabilities 337.75M USD = Book Value Today 805.83M USD

Total Debt 23.25M USD − Cash and Short-Term Investments 139.31M USD = Net Debt Today -116.06M USD

The book value is what Profit starts from and what stands when a projection is not made; the book value plus the net debt is what FCFF starts from; the net debt comes off Greenwald's and FCFF's values before the shareholders.

Quality metrics
Read beside the value, never a condition for it: every company is valued, and a filter in the list is the reader's choice.
MetricFrom
Share dilutionShares Today ÷ Shares Two Years Back − 1-0.1%at most 5%passes24,553,964 / 24,585,637
Accrual quality(Operating Cash Flow − Net Income) ÷ Total Assets5.0%at least -10.0%passes(151.19M USD − 94.06M USD) ÷ 1.14B USD
Price to bookMarket Cap ÷ Book Value Today1.08×at most 3×passes873.73M USD ÷ 805.83M USD
Operating marginOperating Income ÷ Revenue11.7%above 10.0%passes128.26M USD ÷ 1.09B USD
Revenue growthRevenue ÷ Revenue a Year Before − 17.1%above 10.0%does not pass1.09B USD / 1.02B USD
Net cash(Cash − Total Debt) ÷ Market Cap13.3%above -30%passes(139.31M USD − 23.25M USD) ÷ 873.73M USD
Operating efficiencyOperating Income ÷ Gross Profit56.1%above 25.0%passes128.26M USD ÷ 228.53M USD

Market Data

The provider's ratios and the analysts' consensus beside the argument; none of them enters a value.

Share price

31.78 EUR

Enterprise value

680.25M EUR

the provider's own figure

EV / EBITDA

5.19×

Price / book

1.11×

the provider's book

Price / earnings

9.51×

Return on equity

12.3%

the provider's figure, not this page's

Profit margin

8.6%

Revenue growth

2.1%

Analyst target, mean

43.64 EUR

Analysts

4

opinions in the consensus

Financial Statements

The annual lines the screener holds, year by year, in USD at each period's rate; the figures this valuation read are in its calculation above.

USD2023202420252026
Income statement

Revenue

581.00M757.51M1.02B1.09B

Gross profit

243.21M181.30M220.32M228.53M

Operating income

82.80M103.42M118.88M128.26M

EBITDA

operating income before depreciation and amortisation

87.60M104.86M137.30M154.05M

Pretax income

74.86M87.81M111.83M125.44M

Net income

54.65M62.89M81.87M94.06M

Normalized income

net income without one-off items, as the data provider prints it; Profit's line when printed

57.18M71.80M81.99M94.35M

R&D

————
Balance sheet, year end

Total assets

585.93M1.06B1.06B1.14B

Total liabilities

259.50M439.07M375.48M337.75M

Shareholders' equity

the equity the parent's shareholders own, as printed, without minority interest; the book value the values read is total assets less total liabilities, in Book Value and Net Debt above

326.43M615.32M684.71M804.50M

Total debt

64.90M91.19M87.51M23.25M

Cash and equivalents

77.31M83.72M84.89M139.31M

Net PP&E

fixed assets after depreciation

24.01M38.74M39.94M32.95M

Working capital

current assets less current liabilities

97.93M63.16M125.38M159.86M
Cash flow

Operating cash flow

44.91M89.78M96.73M151.19M

Capital expenditure

paid out, so below zero

-4.04M-3.36M-5.24M-2.65M

Depreciation and amortisation

10.81M14.04M21.20M24.96M

Free cash flow

operating cash flow plus capital expenditure

40.87M86.42M91.49M148.54M