H1W.DE
Klarna Group PLC R

Financial Services · Credit Services · valued as of 2026-11-03 · statements 2025-12-31

Average Intrinsic Value

2.18B USD

Market Cap

4.90B USD

Margin of Safety

-124.6%

Intrinsic / Market Ratio

0.45×

Projections, not exact values. Intrinsic Values are projected from each company's past reports. They show which stocks look cheap compared with the others, not exactly what a stock is worth.

How Each Value Is Built

The screener's three formulas on the reported figures. Each card reads the same way: the value as a sum of numbered terms, each term's calculation opened under it, from the reported figures to the value. The list ranks companies by their plain average over the market cap.

EPV + Growth

1.21B USD

what the normal year's earnings are worth for ever, plus growth that pays

Profit

2.67B USD

15 years of cash the shareholders can take out, and the equity left at year 15

FCFF

2.67B USD

15 years of cash for shareholders and lenders, less what is owed

Intrinsic Value

2.18B USD

the plain average of the three, uncapped, as the screener averages them

Intrinsic Value

2.18B USD

from the sum above

Market Cap

4.90B USD

the price on the date above times the shares

Intrinsic Value ÷ Market Cap

0.45×

the ratio the screener ranks by; Margin of Safety -124.6% (1 − Market Cap ÷ Intrinsic Value)

Each card below builds one of the three values from the reported years.

Earnings power value plus growth: 1.21B USD
What the normal year's operating profit after tax is worth if it lasts for ever, plus what the new investment adds beyond its cost, less the net debt that comes before the shareholders (or plus the net cash).
①EPV (earnings power value)1.21B USD
−②Net Debt Today0 USD
+③Growth Value0 USD
=Value1.21B USD

EPV of the Operations (NOPAT over WACC)

1.21B USD

Net debt today

0 USD

Growth Value

0 USD

Value

1.21B USD

①EPV (earnings power value)

1.21B USD

②Net Debt Today

0 USD

③Growth Value

0 USD

Market value

Market Cap4.90B USD

The price on the date above times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety-306.3%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

Profit value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash it can pay them (FCFE): 2.67B USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to equity (FCFE), each brought to today at the cost of equity, plus the equity at year 15 brought to today.

The projection was not made (a profit at or below zero in the latest three years), so the value is the book value today, 2.67B USD, as the screener leaves it.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFE

Not in the value

②Equity at Year 15, Today

Not in the value

Market value

Market Cap4.90B USD

The price on the date above times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety-83.6%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

FCFF value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash the firm can pay its shareholders and lenders (FCFF): 2.67B USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to the firm (FCFF), each brought to today at the WACC, plus the invested capital at year 15 brought to today, less the net debt today (or plus the net cash).

The projection was not made (a change in working capital above half the operating profit in the latest three years), so the value is the book value today, 2.67B USD, as the screener leaves it.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFF

Not in the value

②Invested Capital at Year 15, Today

Not in the value

③Net Debt Today

Not in the value

Market value

Market Cap4.90B USD

The price on the date above times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety-83.6%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

The Rates and the Capital the Values Read

The WACC and the cost of equity each value is discounted at, the book value and the net debt each starts from, and the seven quality metrics, from the same run.

WACC: 15.43%
Cost of Equity =Risk-Free Rate 4.50%+Beta (default) 1.00×Market Risk Premium 6.00%= 10.50%

The yearly return the shareholders require for the risk they carry; it is the rate that brings their future cash to today.

Tax Rate for WACC 25.00% (default): the statements print a tax provision of 32.03M USD on a pretax income of -241.24M USD, which gives no rate between 0 and the profit before tax, so the 25% default stands for the tax the interest saves.

Interest Expense =EBIT 426.43M USD−Pretax Income -241.24M USD= 667.67M USD

The interest the company paid: EBIT is the profit before tax plus the interest.

Cost of Debt =Interest Expense 667.67M USDTotal Debt 1.68B USD×(1 − Tax Rate for WACC 25.00%)= 29.78%

What the lenders are paid a year after the tax the interest saves.

Debt Weight =Total Debt 1.68B USDMarket Cap + Total Debt 4.90B USD + 1.68B USD= 25.56%

The part of the capital the lenders put in, at market value.

WACC =Equity Weight 74.44%×Cost of Equity 10.50%+Debt Weight 25.56%×Cost of Debt 29.78%= 15.43%

Weighted average cost of capital: the yearly return the shareholders and the lenders together require, weighted by what each puts in; the rate that brings the firm's future cash to today.

Book value and net debt today
Both from the balance sheet of the newest quarter, 2026-06-30.

Total Assets 17.78B USD − Total Liabilities 15.12B USD = Book Value Today 2.67B USD

Net debt today 0: a bank's debt is the money it lends on, not how the business is financed.

The book value is what Profit starts from and what stands when a projection is not made; the book value plus the net debt is what FCFF starts from; the net debt comes off Greenwald's and FCFF's values before the shareholders.

Quality metrics
Read beside the value, never a condition for it: every company is valued, and a filter in the list is the reader's choice.
MetricFrom
Share dilutionShares Today ÷ Shares Two Years Back − 10.5%at most 5%passes379,160,066 / 377,255,045
Accrual quality(Operating Cash Flow − Net Income) ÷ Total Assets-4.2%at least -10.0%passes(-1.03B USD − -294.29M USD) ÷ 17.78B USD
Price to bookMarket Cap ÷ Book Value Today1.84×at most 3×passes4.90B USD ÷ 2.67B USD
Operating marginOperating Income ÷ Revenue12.5%above 10.0%passes439.44M USD ÷ 3.51B USD
Revenue growthRevenue ÷ Revenue a Year Before − 124.9%above 10.0%passes3.51B USD / 2.81B USD
Net cash(Cash − Total Debt) ÷ Market Cap20.3%above -30%passes(2.67B USD − 1.68B USD) ÷ 4.90B USD
Operating efficiencyOperating Income ÷ Gross Profit23.0%above 25.0%does not pass439.44M USD ÷ 1.91B USD

Market Data

The provider's ratios and the analysts' consensus beside the argument; none of them enters a value.

Share price

11.53 EUR

Enterprise value

1.53B EUR

the provider's own figure

EV / EBITDA

-76.55×

Price / book

2.00×

the provider's book

Price / earnings

—

Return on equity

-4.3%

the provider's figure, not this page's

Profit margin

-3.5%

Revenue growth

26.6%

Analyst target, mean

—

Analysts

—

opinions in the consensus

Financial Statements

The annual lines the screener holds, year by year, in USD at each period's rate; the figures this valuation read are in its calculation above.

USD2022202320242025
Income statement

Revenue

1.91B2.28B2.81B3.51B

Gross profit

834.83M1.38B1.72B1.91B

Operating income

-833.83M-26.03M382.38M439.44M

EBITDA

operating income before depreciation and amortisation

-729.73M220.22M725.72M551.55M

Pretax income

-1.04B-304.30M33.03M-241.24M

Net income

-1.04B-244.24M9.01M-294.29M

Normalized income

net income without one-off items, as the data provider prints it; Profit's line when printed

-1.04B-244.24M9.01M-294.29M

R&D

430.43M389.39M444.44M486.49M
Balance sheet, year end

Total assets

—13.76B13.82B18.82B

Total liabilities

—11.56B11.56B16.13B

Shareholders' equity

the equity the parent's shareholders own, as printed, without minority interest; the book value the values read is total assets less total liabilities, in Book Value and Net Debt above

—2.19B2.09B2.51B

Total debt

—472.47M545.54M1.43B

Cash and equivalents

—2.39B3.25B3.81B

Net PP&E

fixed assets after depreciation

—122.12M85.08M60.06M

Working capital

current assets less current liabilities

—1.31B1.28B1.35B
Cash flow

Operating cash flow

336.34M808.81M587.59M-1.03B

Capital expenditure

paid out, so below zero

-105.10M-85.08M-45.04M-30.03M

Depreciation and amortisation

162.16M227.23M189.19M125.12M

Free cash flow

operating cash flow plus capital expenditure

231.23M723.72M542.54M-1.06B