Volvo Car AB (publ.) 8JO1.F

Consumer Cyclical · Auto Manufacturers · valued as of 2026-11-03 · statements 2025-12-31

Average Intrinsic Value
$12.37B
Market Cap
$4.27B
Margin of Safety
65.5%
Intrinsic / Market Ratio
2.90

How Each Value Is Built

The screener's three formulas on the reported figures. Each card reads the same way: the value as a sum of numbered terms, each term's calculation opened under it, from the reported figures to the value. The list ranks companies by their plain average over the market cap.

EPV + Growth

18.00B USD

what the normal year's earnings are worth for ever, plus growth that pays

Profit

3.62B USD

15 years of cash the shareholders can take out, and the equity left at year 15

FCFF

15.50B USD

15 years of cash for shareholders and lenders, less what is owed

Intrinsic Value

12.37B USD

the plain average of the three, uncapped, as the screener averages them

Intrinsic Value

12.37B USD

from the sum above

Market Cap

4.27B USD

today's price times the shares

Intrinsic Value ÷ Market Cap

2.90×

the ratio the screener ranks by; Margin of Safety +65.5% (1 − Market Cap ÷ Intrinsic Value)

Each card below builds one of the three values from the reported years.

Earnings power value plus growth: 18.00B USD
What the normal year's operating profit after tax is worth if it lasts for ever, plus what the new investment adds beyond its cost, less the net debt that comes before the shareholders (or plus the net cash).
①EPV (earnings power value)17.72B USD
+②Net Cash Today274.04M USD
+③Growth Value0 USD
=Value18.00B USD

EPV of the Operations (NOPAT over WACC)

17.72B USD

Net cash today

+274.04M USD

Growth Value

0 USD

Value

18.00B USD

①EPV (earnings power value)

17.72B USD

②Net Cash Today

274.04M USD

③Growth Value

0 USD

Market value

Market Cap4.27B USD

Today's price times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety+76.3%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

Profit value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash it can pay them (FCFE): 3.62B USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to equity (FCFE), each brought to today at the cost of equity, plus the equity at year 15 brought to today.
①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFE101.57M USD
+②Equity at Year 15, Today3.51B USD
=Value3.62B USD
FCFE: the net income left for the shareholders once the business keeps what next year's growth needsEquity reinvestment: the part of the year's net income kept in the business to grow the next year; below zero, capital the business releases to the shareholdersPresent value of the FCFEColoured bars show the FCFE, grey bars the equity reinvestment. With a positive equity reinvestment the two stacked are the year's normalized income; with a negative one the grey is below zero, capital the business releases, and the normalized income is the FCFE plus that negative amount. Shaded, years 6 to 10: the growth falling to its long-run rate and the ROE on new investment rising to the cost of equity. Axes linear.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFE

101.57M USD

②Equity at Year 15, Today

3.51B USD

Market value

Market Cap4.27B USD

Today's price times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety-18.2%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

FCFF value: today's value of the shareholders' equity, from the cash the firm can pay its shareholders and lenders (FCFF): 15.50B USD
Fifteen years of free cash flow to the firm (FCFF), each brought to today at the WACC, plus the invested capital at year 15 brought to today, less the net debt today (or plus the net cash).

The projection was not made (a change in working capital above half the operating profit in the latest three years), so the value is the book value today, 15.50B USD, as the screener leaves it.

①Present Value of the 15 Years of FCFF

Not in the value

②Invested Capital at Year 15, Today

Not in the value

③Net Cash Today

Not in the value

Market value

Market Cap4.27B USD

Today's price times the shares.

Value vs market

Margin of Safety+72.4%

1 minus the market cap as a share of the value.

The Rates and the Capital the Values Read

The WACC and the cost of equity each value is discounted at, the book value and the net debt each starts from, and the seven quality metrics, from the same run.

WACC: 7.57%
weighted average cost of capital: the yearly return the shareholders and the lenders together require, weighted by what each puts in; the rate that brings the firm's future cash to today.
Cost of Equity =Risk-Free Rate 4.50%+Beta 1.00×Market Risk Premium 6.00%= 10.51%

The yearly return the shareholders require for the risk they carry; it is the rate that brings their future cash to today.

Tax Rate for WACC 25.00% (default): the statements print a tax provision of 250.61M USD on a pretax income of -72.51M USD, which gives no rate between 0 and the profit before tax, so the 25% default stands for the tax the interest saves.

Interest Expense =EBIT 163.52M USD−Pretax Income -72.51M USD= 236.02M USD

The interest the company paid: EBIT is the profit before tax plus the interest.

Cost of Debt =Interest Expense 236.02M USDTotal Debt 4.00B USD×(1 − Tax Rate for WACC 25.00%)= 4.43%

What the lenders are paid a year after the tax the interest saves.

Debt Weight =Total Debt 4.00B USDMarket Cap + Total Debt 4.27B USD + 4.00B USD= 48.33%

The part of the capital the lenders put in, at market value.

WACC =Equity Weight 51.67%×Cost of Equity 10.51%+Debt Weight 48.33%×Cost of Debt 4.43%= 7.57%

Weighted average cost of capital: the yearly return the shareholders and the lenders together require, weighted by what each puts in; the rate that brings the firm's future cash to today.

Book value and net debt today
Both from the balance sheet of the newest quarter, 2026-06-30.

Total Assets 40.01B USD − Total Liabilities 24.51B USD = Book Value Today 15.50B USD

Total Debt 4.00B USD − Cash and Short-Term Investments 4.27B USD = Net Debt Today -274.04M USD

The book value is what Profit starts from and what stands when a projection is not made; the book value plus the net debt is what FCFF starts from; the net debt comes off Greenwald's and FCFF's values before the shareholders.

Quality metrics
Read beside the value, never a condition for it: every company is valued, and a filter in the list is the reader's choice.
MetricFrom
Share dilutionShares Today ÷ Shares Two Years Back − 1—at most 5%not measured0 / 2,979,524,179
Accrual quality(Operating Cash Flow − Net Income) ÷ Total Assets9.4%at least -10.0%passes(3.77B USD − 18.94M USD) ÷ 40.01B USD
Price to bookMarket Cap ÷ Book Value Today0.28×at most 3×passes4.27B USD ÷ 15.50B USD
Operating marginOperating Income ÷ Revenue0.3%above 10.0%does not pass110.28M USD ÷ 38.89B USD
Revenue growthRevenue ÷ Revenue a Year Before − 17.0%above 10.0%does not pass38.89B USD / 36.34B USD
Net cash(Cash − Total Debt) ÷ Market Cap6.4%above -30%passes(4.27B USD − 4.00B USD) ÷ 4.27B USD
Operating efficiencyOperating Income ÷ Gross Profit1.7%above 25.0%does not pass110.28M USD ÷ 6.56B USD

Market Data

The provider's ratios and the analysts' consensus beside the argument; none of them enters a value.

Market data
The data provider's own ratios and the analysts' consensus, read beside the valuation, never in it.

Share price

1 USD

Enterprise value

—

market cap plus net debt

EV / EBITDA

—

Price / book

0.03×

the provider's book

Price / earnings

4.59×

Return on equity

3.6%

the provider's, not the engine's

Profit margin

2.8%

Revenue growth

-16.9%

Analyst target, mean

—

Analysts

—

opinions in the consensus

Financial Statements

The income statement, the balance sheet and the cash flow the screener holds, year by year, in USD.

Financial statements, year by year
The annual lines the screener holds today, in USD at each period's rate; the figures this valuation read are in its calculation above.
USD2022202320242025
Income statement

Revenue

31.62B40.09B36.34B38.89B

Gross profit

5.78B7.77B7.21B6.56B

Operating income

1.64B2.70B2.43B110.28M

EBITDA

operating income before depreciation and amortisation

3.64B3.96B4.30B2.77B

Pretax income

1.99B2.09B2.06B-72.51M

Net income

1.49B1.31B1.40B18.94M

Normalized income

net income without one-off items, as the data provider prints it; Profit's line when printed

1.59B1.32B1.38B21.88M

R&D

1.10B1.29B1.54B2.84B
Balance sheet, year end

Total assets

31.69B35.78B35.25B40.63B

Total liabilities

20.46B22.68B22.34B24.47B

Shareholders' equity

the equity the parent's shareholders own, as printed, without minority interest; the book value the values read is total assets less total liabilities, in Book Value and Net Debt above

10.91B12.69B12.48B16.01B

Total debt

3.22B3.52B3.38B3.93B

Cash and equivalents

6.10B4.80B5.12B6.27B

Net PP&E

fixed assets after depreciation

7.40B8.44B9.73B10.82B

Working capital

current assets less current liabilities

932.89M-405.68M-996.20M712.75M
Cash flow

Operating cash flow

3.22B4.30B4.30B3.77B

Capital expenditure

paid out, so below zero

-3.08B-3.93B-4.09B-4.36B

Depreciation and amortisation

1.54B1.75B2.06B2.61B

Free cash flow

operating cash flow plus capital expenditure

142.41M371.64M212.39M-593.54M